1 Kings 2:28

Authorized King James Version

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Then tidings came to Joab: for Joab had turned after Adonijah, though he turned not after Absalom. And Joab fled unto the tabernacle of the LORD, and caught hold on the horns of the altar.

Original Language Analysis

וְהַשְּׁמֻעָה֙ Then tidings H8052
וְהַשְּׁמֻעָה֙ Then tidings
Strong's: H8052
Word #: 1 of 21
something heard, i.e., an announcement
בָּ֣אָה came H935
בָּ֣אָה came
Strong's: H935
Word #: 2 of 21
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
עַד H5704
עַד
Strong's: H5704
Word #: 3 of 21
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
יוֹאָב֙ And Joab H3097
יוֹאָב֙ And Joab
Strong's: H3097
Word #: 4 of 21
joab, the name of three israelites
כִּ֣י H3588
כִּ֣י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 5 of 21
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
יוֹאָב֙ And Joab H3097
יוֹאָב֙ And Joab
Strong's: H3097
Word #: 6 of 21
joab, the name of three israelites
נָטָ֑ה had turned H5186
נָטָ֑ה had turned
Strong's: H5186
Word #: 7 of 21
to stretch or spread out; by implication, to bend away (including moral deflection); used in a great variety of application (as follows)
וְאַֽחֲרֵ֥י after H310
וְאַֽחֲרֵ֥י after
Strong's: H310
Word #: 8 of 21
properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)
אֲדֹֽנִיָּ֔ה Adonijah H138
אֲדֹֽנִיָּ֔ה Adonijah
Strong's: H138
Word #: 9 of 21
adonijah, the name of three israelites
וְאַֽחֲרֵ֥י after H310
וְאַֽחֲרֵ֥י after
Strong's: H310
Word #: 10 of 21
properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)
אַבְשָׁל֖וֹם Absalom H53
אַבְשָׁל֖וֹם Absalom
Strong's: H53
Word #: 11 of 21
abshalom, a son of david; also (the fuller form) a later israelite
לֹ֣א H3808
לֹ֣א
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 12 of 21
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
נָטָ֑ה had turned H5186
נָטָ֑ה had turned
Strong's: H5186
Word #: 13 of 21
to stretch or spread out; by implication, to bend away (including moral deflection); used in a great variety of application (as follows)
וַיָּ֤נָס fled H5127
וַיָּ֤נָס fled
Strong's: H5127
Word #: 14 of 21
to flit, i.e., vanish away (subside, escape; causatively, chase, impel, deliver)
יוֹאָב֙ And Joab H3097
יוֹאָב֙ And Joab
Strong's: H3097
Word #: 15 of 21
joab, the name of three israelites
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 16 of 21
near, with or among; often in general, to
אֹ֣הֶל unto the tabernacle H168
אֹ֣הֶל unto the tabernacle
Strong's: H168
Word #: 17 of 21
a tent (as clearly conspicuous from a distance)
יְהוָ֔ה of the LORD H3068
יְהוָ֔ה of the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 18 of 21
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
וַֽיַּחֲזֵ֖ק and caught hold H2388
וַֽיַּחֲזֵ֖ק and caught hold
Strong's: H2388
Word #: 19 of 21
to fasten upon; hence, to seize, be strong (figuratively, courageous, causatively strengthen, cure, help, repair, fortify), obstinate; to bind, restra
בְּקַרְנ֥וֹת on the horns H7161
בְּקַרְנ֥וֹת on the horns
Strong's: H7161
Word #: 20 of 21
a horn (as projecting); by implication, a flask, cornet; by resemblance. an elephant's tooth (i.e., ivory), a corner (of the altar), a peak (of a moun
הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ of the altar H4196
הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ of the altar
Strong's: H4196
Word #: 21 of 21
an altar

Analysis & Commentary

Then tidings came to Joab: for Joab had turned after Adonijah, though he turned not after Absalom. And Joab fled unto the tabernacle of the LORD, and caught hold on the horns of the altar.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of david's death and solomon's consolidation of power, within the book's focus on succession narrative and establishment of Solomon's reign. The sacrificial system points forward to Christ's ultimate sacrifice, fulfilling all temple offerings (Hebrews 10:1-18).

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. This passage describes events around 970 BCE during the transition from David to Solomon.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

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